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Partioning helps filter the data and columnar storage is optimised for analytical (OLAP) queries
Redshift Spectrum is optimized for querying data stored in columnar formats like Parquet or ORC. These formats store each data column separately, allowing Redshift Spectrum to only scan the relevant columns for a specific query, significantly improving performance compared to row-oriented formats Partitioning organizes data files in S3 based on specific column values (e.g., date, region). When your queries filter or join data based on these partitioning columns (common query predicates), Redshift Spectrum can quickly locate the relevant data files, minimizing the amount of data scanned and accelerating query execution
https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/big-data/10-best-practices-for-amazon-redshift-spectrum/